Familial amyloidosis CT scan

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D., Sabawoon Mirwais, M.B.B.S, M.D.[2]

Overview

CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of familial amyloidosis. CT scan can be done to assess for amyloid deposition in particular organs. It can also be done to rule out other causes of organ dysfunction. Findings on liver CT scan suggestive of familial amyloidosis include liver enlargement with heterogeneous decreased attenuation, asymmetric and triangular hepatomegaly with the apex at the falciform ligament, and parenchymal calcification. Findings on renal CT scan suggestive of familial amyloidosis include kidney enlargement with heterogeneous decreased attenuation, and parenchymal calcification. Findings on cardiac CT scan suggestive of familial amyloidosis include heart enlargement with heterogeneous decreased attenuation, cardiac calcification, and pericardial effusion.

CT scan

In hepatic amyloidosis, CT scan findings may include:

• Liver enlargement with heterogeneous decreased attenuation
• Asymmetric and triangular hepatomegaly with the apex at the falciform ligament (due to mild atrophic change of the lateral border of both hepatic lobes)
• Parenchymal calcification (rare)

In renal amyloidosis, CT scan findings may include:

• Kidney enlargement with heterogeneous decreased attenuation
• Parenchymal calcification (rare)

In cardiac amyloidosis, CT scan findings may include:

• Heart enlargement with heterogeneous decreased attenuation
• Cardiac calcifications
• Pericardial effusion (rare)

Images

CT image showing mediastinal amyloidosis (yellow arrows). Case courtesy of Dr Natalie Yang, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 6711

Amyloidosis - bronchial and diffuse nodular pulmonary involvement. Case courtesy of Dr Bruno Di Muzio, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 60156