Cardiac tamponade epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

The cardiac tamponade is most often attributed to the rupture of an acute myocardial infarction or an intrapericardial rupture of a dissecting ascending aortic aneurysm. In developed countries malignancy is the leading cause of cardiac tamponade secondary to pericardial effusion.The incidence of cardiac tamponade based on a giant sample size of about 216 million emergency admissions was about 115,638(0.05%). The incidence of cardiac tamponade increases with age; the mean age was around 61.9. Cardiac temponade mortality rate is significantly different due to its underlying cause.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

• The incidence of cardiac tamponade based on a giant sample size of about 216 million emergency admissions was about 115,638(0.05%)

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

• Cardiac temponade mortality rate is significantly different due to its underlying cause.
• Overall, hospitalized mortality rate is around 14.3% and sub groups with higher mortality are :
  1. Sepsis (odds ratio:3.17)
  2. Chest trauma (odds ratio:2.15)
  3. Metastatic cancer:(odds ratio:1.90)
  4. Acute kidney injury(odds ratio:1.91)
  5. Idiopathic pericarditis (odds ratio: 0.21, least cause of mortality)

Age

• The incidence of cardiac tamponade increases with age; the mean age was around 61.9.

Race

• There is no racial predilection to cardiac tamponade.

Gender

• Cardiac tamponade affects men and women equally.
• There is no study suggesting a meaningful sex difference among diagnosed patients.

Approximate Health Care cost In US

• It needs around 12 days of hospitalization and a mean cost of $160,397.

Developed Countries

• The leading cause of developing tamponade in developed countries is cancer.