Cardiac tamponade causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.
Overview
Cardiac tamponade is caused by the accumulation of a large or uncontrolled pericardial effusion. The effusion can occur rapidly (as in the case of trauma or myocardial rupture), or over a more gradual period of time (as in cancer). The fluid involved is often blood, but pus is also found in some circumstances. Common causes of increased pericardial effusion include hypothyroidism, trauma (either penetrating trauma involving the pericardium or blunt chest trauma), pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium), iatrogenic trauma (during an invasive procedure), and ventricular rupture.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Any cause of pericardial effusion capable of compromising the hemodynamic status of a patient is potentially life threatening.[1][2]
Common Causes
The most common cause of cardiac tamponade include the following[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
- Ascending aortic dissection
- Collagen vascular diseases
- Iatrogenic - central line insertion, pacemaker insertion, coronary interventions, myocardial biopsy
- Idiopathic
- Malignancy - breast cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, lung cancer, lymphomas
- Penetrating trauma
- Pericarditis
- Bacteria - pneumococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus
- Fungus - blastomyces, cryptococcus, histoplasma, pneumocystis carinii
- Tuberculous
- Virus - coxsackie virus, echovirus, CMV
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Mattson Porth, C. (Ed.) (2005) (7th Ed.) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 978-0781749886
- ↑ Mattson Porth, C. (Ed.) (2005) (7th Ed.) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 978-0781749886
- ↑ Mittal A, Ray A, Talupula RM, Sood R (February 2018). "Sheehan's syndrome presenting as cardiac tamponade". BMJ Case Rep. 2018. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-223129. PMC 5812377. PMID 29431100.
- ↑ Kurth BJ, Wagler V, Keith M (September 2016). "Cardiac tamponade as a manifestation of severe dermatomyositis". BMJ Case Rep. 2016. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-216860. PMC 5051378. PMID 27664227.
- ↑ Fadel R, El-Menyar A, ElKafrawy S, Gad MG (2019). "Traumatic blunt cardiac injuries: An updated narrative review". Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 9 (3): 113–119. doi:10.4103/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_29_19. PMC 6792398 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31620349. - ↑ Almehmadi F, Chandy M, Connelly KA, Edwards J (2016). "Delayed Tamponade after Traumatic Wound with Left Ventricular Compression". Case Rep Cardiol. 2016: 2154748. doi:10.1155/2016/2154748. PMC 5019924. PMID 27651957.
- ↑ Zadra AR, Ripellino P, Barzaghi N (April 2015). "Cardiac tamponade as presenting symptom of tuberculosis". BMJ Case Rep. 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-208787. PMC 4422911. PMID 25926581.
- ↑ Chiu MH, Sharma NC (July 2018). "A case of hypertensive emergency, primary hypothyroidism and large pericardial effusion with early tamponade". J Cardiol Cases. 18 (1): 29–32. doi:10.1016/j.jccase.2018.03.005. PMC 6149587. PMID 30279905.
- ↑ Sinha A, Yeruva SL, Kumar R, Curry BH (2015). "Early Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with Postsurgical Hypothyroidism". Case Rep Cardiol. 2015: 310350. doi:10.1155/2015/310350. PMC 4534597. PMID 26294982.