Anaphylaxis risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dushka Riaz, MD
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include those related to age, sex, exposure, and other comorbid conditions such as asthma. Delayed use of epinephrine to treat anaphylaxis places patients at increased risk of being hospitalized whereas timely use decreases this risk. [1] Patients that have features of increased risk towards anaphylaxis should be advised to carry auto-injectable epinephrine. [2]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include age, sex, geography, history of asthma, atopic history, and interruption of medication.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include:
- Age, with more incidence in boys younger than 15 and women older than 15 years old.
- Sex, with more incidence in women exposed to latex and aspirin; men have more incidence with venom stings.
- Geography, the incidence of anaphylaxis is higher in Northern areas.
- History of asthma places patients at higher risk to develop anaphylaxis.
- History of atopy increases the risk of anaphylaxis.
- Interruption of medications after desensitization can increase the risk of anaphylaxis.
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of anaphylaxis include:
- Comorbid ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy or coronary arterial disease
- Antihypertensive medication use
- Tricyclic antidepressant medication use
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitor medication use
- Mastocytosis
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Upper Respiratory tract infection
- Emotional stress
- Fever
References
- ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4006 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Commins SP (2017). "Outpatient Emergencies: Anaphylaxis". Med Clin North Am. 101 (3): 521–536. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2016.12.003. PMC 5381731. PMID 28372711.
- ↑ LoVerde D, Iweala OI, Eginli A, Krishnaswamy G (2018). "Anaphylaxis". Chest. 153 (2): 528–543. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.033. PMC 6026262. PMID 28800865.
- ↑ Theoharides TC, Valent P, Akin C (2015). "Mast Cells, Mastocytosis, and Related Disorders". N Engl J Med. 373 (2): 163–72. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1409760. PMID 26154789.
- ↑ Akin C (2017). "Mast cell activation syndromes". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 140 (2): 349–355. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.007. PMID 28780942.
- ↑ Metcalfe DD, Schwartz LB (2009). "Assessing anaphylactic risk? Consider mast cell clonality". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 123 (3): 687–8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.02.003. PMC 2782434. PMID 19281912.
- ↑ Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Bilò MB, El-Gamal YM, Ledford DK, Ring J; et al. (2011). "World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines: summary". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 127 (3): 587-93.e1-22. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.038. PMID 21377030.