Anaphylaxis natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dushka Riaz, MD
Overview
Common complications of anaphylaxis include airway blockage, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and shock. Prognosis is generally good with prompt diagnosis and treatment. It is important to follow up with an allergist to determine the exact cause of the anaphylaxis and advise the patient to avoid it in the future. [1] The main cause of mortality is cardiovascular compromise or airway compromise and is more common in patients with asthma. [2]
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of anaphylaxis usually develop within seconds with rapid evolution. It usually carries an unpredictable course and can resolve as quickly as it began. If left untreated, anaphylaxis can progress to respiratory or cardiovascular compromise. [3] [4]
Complications
Possible complications include: [5]
- Airway blockage
- Cardiac arrest (no effective heartbeat)
- Respiratory arrest (no breathing)
- Shock
Prognosis
Anaphylaxis can be fatal without prompt treatment. symptoms generally resolve quickly with prompt treatment. Depending on the availability of epinephrine treatment, the prognosis may vary. [5]
References
- ↑ Campbell RL, Park MA, Kueber MA, Lee S, Hagan JB (2015). "Outcomes of allergy/immunology follow-up after an emergency department evaluation for anaphylaxis". J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 3 (1): 88–93. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2014.07.011. PMID 25577624.
- ↑ LoVerde D, Iweala OI, Eginli A, Krishnaswamy G (2018). "Anaphylaxis". Chest. 153 (2): 528–543. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.033. PMC 6026262. PMID 28800865.
- ↑ Pumphrey RS (2000). "Lessons for management of anaphylaxis from a study of fatal reactions". Clin Exp Allergy. 30 (8): 1144–50. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00864.x. PMID 10931122.
- ↑ Simons FE (2006). "Anaphylaxis, killer allergy: long-term management in the community". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 117 (2): 367–77. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.002. PMID 16461138.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 29489197.