Anaphylaxis causes

	Anaphylaxis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2]Soumya Sachdeva, , Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dushka Riaz, MD

Overview

Anaphylaxis can have IgE-mediated, non IgE-mediated and nonimmunologic triggers. IgE mediated allergens include reactions to food, medications and animal dander. Non-IgE mediated reactions can be caused by IVIG, biologic agents and NSAIDs. Nonimmunologic triggers to anaphylaxis include radiocontrast media, opiates, and changes in temperature. ^[1] Adult cases are more commonly caused by medications and insect stings while children are more triggered by food. ^[2]

Life Threatening Causes

Anaphylaxis is itself a life-threatening condition caused by various allergens. ^[1]

Causes

Common Causes

Anaphylaxis can occur in response to any allergen. Common causes include: ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] ^[8] ^[9] ^[10] ^[11]

Drug allergies (acetaminophen, penicillins, Prednisolone, cephalosporins, amphotericin B, nitrofurantoin, quinolones)

Food allergies (peanuts, milk, eggs, seafood, nuts, grains, beans, gelatin in capsules)

Insect bites/stings (yellow jacket, yellow and baldfaced hornets, paper wasp, honey bee, imported fire ants)

Nonpollen allergen extracts (dust mites, dander of cats, dogs, horses and laboratory animals)

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Abatacept, Acetaminophen, Agalsidase beta, Alemtuzumab, Alglucosidase alfa, Amifostine, Aminohippurate, Amoxycillin, Amphotericin B, Ampicillin, Ancrod, Anidulafungin, Antihypertensive drug allergy, Aprotinin, Asparaginase, Aspirin, Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride, Aztreonam, Basiliximab, Belimumab, Cefadroxil, choriogonadotropin alfa, Cefotaxime sodium, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefaclor Cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin, caspofungin acetate, Cefoxitin sodium, Cetrorelix, Coagulation factor IX,Coagulation factor XIII A-subunit, conestat alfa, cromolyn, Clemastine, Cyanocobalamin, Cytarabine, cytomegalovirus immune globulin, Dacarbazine, Denileukin diftitox, Desmopressin, Diphenhydramine, Doxycycline, Ecallantide, Elosulfase alfa, Epirubicin , Ergonovine, ethanolamine oleate, Ferric Carboxymaltose,fibrinogen, Fluoxymesterone, fosaprepitant, Gadobenate Dimeglumine,Gadoteridol, Gadoterate, gadoxetate, galsulfase, Ganirelix, Gemifloxacin mesylate, Gluten allergy , Glucarpidase, Hepatitis B immunoglobulin,hexaminolevulinate, hydroxyethyl starch, Idelalisib, Idursulfase, Imipenem, Indinavir, Interferon beta- 1a, Interferon beta- 1b, Interleukin 11, Isosulfan blue, lamivudine, laronidase, Lidocaine (ointment), Lincomycin Hydrochloride, Local anaesthetic allergy , Meropenem, Micafungin sodium, Morphine allergy , Netupitant and palonosetron, Niacin, Norfloxacin, Novacaine drug allergy, Omalizumab, Oxaliplatin, Oxaprozin, Oxytetracycline, Palivizumab, Papain, Pegaspargase, *Peginterferon Beta-1a,Pegloticase, Penicillin, p-Phenylenediamine, Polidocanol , Prednisolone,Protamine sulfate, Probenecid, Piperacillin, Rabeprazole, Rasburicase, Secukinumab, Sodium aurothiomalate, Sorafenib, Streptokinase, Sulfacetamide, Sulfasalazine, Sulphonamides, Spironolactone, Telavancin hydrochloride, Thallous Chloride Tl 201, Tolmetin, Trospium, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum, tuberculin, Zopiclone, Chlorhexidine gluconate, taliglucerase alfa
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Ant bite, urticaria, Baby bottle nipples induced, Bee sting, Caffeine allergy, Condoms and diaphragms induced allergies, Exercise, Fire ant bite , Fire coral poisoning, amaranth, Food additive allergy , Food allergy, Fruit allergy, Glafenine, Greenhead ant sting , Herbal agent adverse reaction, Hymenoptera venom, Inch ant sting , Jack jumper ant sting, Non-food allergy -- africanized honeybee, ant, black fire ant, bumblebee, dust mites, honey bee, hornet, mosquito, red fire ant, scorpion, tropical fire ant, wasp, yellow jacket wasp, Nut allergy, Oriental hornet poisoning, Peanut allergy, Red imported fire ant sting, Seafood allergy, Shellfish allergy, Spice allergy, Spider bite, Wasp sting, Wound drains and tubes induced allergies
Gastroenterologic	Alveolar hydatid disease
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Blood transfusion and complications, Bone marrow transplantation
Iatrogenic	Contrast x-ray test dye reaction
Infectious Disease	Echinococcus granulosus
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Asthma
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Autoimmune urticaria, Hives, Hydatidosis , Serum sickness, Systemic mastocytosis, Type 1 hypersensitivity,
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Egg allergy, Handgrips induced allergies , Latex catheters induced allergies , Pacifiers induced allergies, Sterilization agents, Stethoscope induced allergies

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Fruit allergy
Gadobenate Dimeglumine
Glafenine
Gluten allergy
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin
Hydroxyethyl starch
Infliximab
Greenhead ant sting
Handgrips induced allergies
Herbal agent adverse reaction -- chamomile
Herbal agent adverse reaction -- clove
Herbal agent overdose -- horse chestnuts
Hexaminolevulinate
Hives
Hydatidosis
Hymenoptera venom
Idelalisib
Imipenem
Inch ant sting
Indinavir
Interleukin 11
Jack jumper ant sting
Janumet (sitagliptin and metformin)
Laronidase
Latex catheters induced allergies
Local anaesthetic allergy
Meropenem
Micafungin sodium
Morphine allergy
Niacin
Non-food allergy -- africanized honeybee - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- ant - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- black fire ant - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- bumblebee - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- dust mites - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- honey bee - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- hornet - anaphylactic shock

Non-food allergy -- mosquito - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- red fire ant - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- scorpion - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- tropical fire ant - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- wasp - anaphylactic shock
Non-food allergy -- yellow jacket wasp - anaphylactic shock
Norfloxacin
Novacaine drug allergy - anaphylaxis
Nut allergy
Omalizumab
Oriental hornet poisoning - anaphylaxis
Oxaprozin
Pacifiers induced allergies - anaphylaxis
Papain
Peanut allergy
Pegaspargase
Peginterferon Beta-1a
Pegloticase
Penicillin
P-phenylenediamine allergy - anaphylaxis
Pneumococcal Vaccine 13-Valent (Prevnar 13): in infants and toddlers
Probenecid
Rasburicase
Red imported fire ant sting - anaphylaxis
Seafood allergy
Serum sickness
Shellfish allergy
Sorafenib
Spider bite
Sterilization agents
Stethoscope induced allergies
Streptokinase
Sulphonamides
Systemic mastocytosis
Telavancin hydrochloride
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Urticaria
Wasp sting
Wound drains and tubes induced allergies

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 LoVerde D, Iweala OI, Eginli A, Krishnaswamy G (2018). "Anaphylaxis". Chest. 153 (2): 528–543. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.033. PMC 6026262. PMID 28800865.
↑ Commins SP (2017). "Outpatient Emergencies: Anaphylaxis". Med Clin North Am. 101 (3): 521–536. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2016.12.003. PMC 5381731. PMID 28372711.
↑ Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Bilò MB, El-Gamal YM, Ledford DK, Ring J; et al. (2011). "World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines: summary". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 127 (3): 587-93.e1-22. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.038. PMID 21377030.
↑ Boyce JA, Assa'ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, Wood RA; et al. (2010). "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in the United States: Summary of the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel Report". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 126 (6): 1105–18. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.008. PMC 4241958. PMID 21134568.
↑ Sicherer SH, Sampson HA (2014). "Food allergy: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 133 (2): 291–307, quiz 308. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.020. PMID 24388012.
↑ Fischer D, Vander Leek TK, Ellis AK, Kim H (2018). "Anaphylaxis". Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 14 (Suppl 2): 54. doi:10.1186/s13223-018-0283-4. PMC 6156836. PMID 30263034.
↑ "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 29489197.
↑ Tupper J, Visser S (2010). "Anaphylaxis: A review and update". Can Fam Physician. 56 (10): 1009–11. PMC 2954079. PMID 20944042.
↑ Worm M, Babina M, Hompes S (2013). "Causes and risk factors for anaphylaxis". J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 11 (1): 44–50. doi:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2012.08045.x. PMID 23181736.
↑ Poziomkowska-Gęsicka I, Kurek M (2020). "Clinical Manifestations and Causes of Anaphylaxis. Analysis of 382 Cases from the Anaphylaxis Registry in West Pomerania Province in Poland". Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17 (8). doi:10.3390/ijerph17082787. PMC 7215547 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32316622 Check |pmid= value (help).
↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.126811 Check |pmid= value (help).

Template:WH Template:WS CME Category::Cardiology

[pmid28800865-1] 1.0 ^1.1 LoVerde D, Iweala OI, Eginli A, Krishnaswamy G (2018). "Anaphylaxis". Chest. 153 (2): 528–543. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.033. PMC 6026262. PMID 28800865.

[pmid28372711-2] Commins SP (2017). "Outpatient Emergencies: Anaphylaxis". Med Clin North Am. 101 (3): 521–536. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2016.12.003. PMC 5381731. PMID 28372711.

[pmid21377030-3] Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Bilò MB, El-Gamal YM, Ledford DK, Ring J; et al. (2011). "World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines: summary". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 127 (3): 587-93.e1-22. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.038. PMID 21377030.

[pmid21134568-4] Boyce JA, Assa'ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, Wood RA; et al. (2010). "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in the United States: Summary of the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel Report". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 126 (6): 1105–18. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.008. PMC 4241958. PMID 21134568.

[pmid24388012-5] Sicherer SH, Sampson HA (2014). "Food allergy: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 133 (2): 291–307, quiz 308. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.020. PMID 24388012.

[pmid30263034-6] Fischer D, Vander Leek TK, Ellis AK, Kim H (2018). "Anaphylaxis". Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 14 (Suppl 2): 54. doi:10.1186/s13223-018-0283-4. PMC 6156836. PMID 30263034.

[pmid29489197-7] "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 29489197.

[pmid20944042-8] Tupper J, Visser S (2010). "Anaphylaxis: A review and update". Can Fam Physician. 56 (10): 1009–11. PMC 2954079. PMID 20944042.

[pmid23181736-9] Worm M, Babina M, Hompes S (2013). "Causes and risk factors for anaphylaxis". J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 11 (1): 44–50. doi:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2012.08045.x. PMID 23181736.

[pmid32316622-10] Poziomkowska-Gęsicka I, Kurek M (2020). "Clinical Manifestations and Causes of Anaphylaxis. Analysis of 382 Cases from the Anaphylaxis Registry in West Pomerania Province in Poland". Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17 (8). doi:10.3390/ijerph17082787. PMC 7215547 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32316622 Check |pmid= value (help).

[pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.126811-11] Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.126811 Check |pmid= value (help).

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